Exposing for the night-time scene:

A manual exposure method, using the flash at full output is desirable with nigh-time scenes.

NOTE: A single layer of white handkerchief or folded Kleenex can reduce the flash output to half power (for closer distances). Double it and it will reduce it to ¼ power.

Camera and lenses: use a 35mm SLR camera, with a 35mm to 85mm zoom lens, or a selection of lenses (35mm, 50mm, 85mm).

Film to use: ISO 400 speed film is preferable for nighttime photography with flash.

Auto-flash systems tend to "read" the expansive empty areas of outdoor scenes and produce overexposed results. Overcome this by using a ½ to 1 stop smaller setting on the camera. For proper exposure, use the maximum output setting for the flash unit and f/stop setting in the f/5.6 to f/8 range.

TIPS: A pocket flashlight is useful when making camera settings. It can also be used as a focusing target when placed within the scene. Focus on objects that are 1/3 into the depth of the scene.

Existing light photographs can be made using a tripods and cable release. Typical exposures with streetlights and highway range from one to eight seconds using f/11 (ISO 400 speed film). Additional lighting can be provided by the headlamps from police vehicles. If a tripod is not available, rest the camera on a steady support surface and try ¼ second with the lens wide open (f/2 or f/2.8). With careful focusing, this often produces acceptable results.